22 programs tracked · official publications · data refreshed 2026-06-29
Citizenship by investment (CBI) grants a full second passport in exchange for a qualifying investment - most commonly a donation to a national development fund, an approved real estate purchase, or a business investment. Our dataset tracks 22 programs in 2026, with published minimums starting from $75,000.
What most comparison lists skip: what the passport you would get is actually worth. For every program below we show the passport's visa-free destination count and its global rank out of 199 passports, computed from the same official-source visa data that powers our passport rankings.
CBI programs change often - minimums, options and eligibility are revised, and programs open and close. Figures on this page were compiled from each program's official publications and last refreshed on 2026-06-29. Verify on the official program page before committing funds.
Ranked by the lowest USD-denominated published minimum per program. Headline minimums exclude government processing, due diligence and dependant fees.
Not ranked above (priced in other currencies, shown as published, never converted): Georgia, Jordan, North Macedonia, Samoa. No published minimum in official sources: Argentina, Austria, Sierra Leone.
Every CBI route in our dataset, with investment options, processing time and program conditions from official publications.
Antigua and Barbuda Citizenship by Investment Programme
Processing: Not stated verbatim on cip.gov.ag fetched pages
Passport: 83 visa-free destinations · #68 of 199
Citizenship by Investment (Ciudadanía por Inversión) - Decreto 524/2025
Processing: 30 business days (from receipt of Agency report by the National Directorate of Migration)
Passport: 93 visa-free destinations · #44 of 199
Austrian Citizenship for Exceptional Services (Staatsbürgerschaftsgesetz §10 Abs. 6)
Processing: Not specified on official source. Council of Ministers meets twice yearly to decide applications.
Passport: 110 visa-free destinations · #10 of 199
Citizenship by Investment Programme (Citizenship Amendment Act 2025 / Impact Investment Program)
Passport: 35 visa-free destinations · #128 of 199
Citizenship by Investment / Naturalization by Investment (Sub-Decree No. 225)
Processing: Not specified officially; applications require approval from Ministry of Interior and final grant by Royal Decree.
Passport: 15 visa-free destinations · #135 of 199
Commonwealth of Dominica Citizenship by Investment Programme
Processing: 3 to 4 months from application submission to approval in principle
Passport: 83 visa-free destinations · #72 of 199
Unit for Granting Egyptian Citizenship in Exchange for Investment
Processing: 3 to 6 months
Passport: 15 visa-free destinations · #150 of 199
Adopting El Salvador – Freedom Passport (Pasaporte de la Libertad)
Processing: Approximately 6 weeks (as stated on official world.adoptingelsalvador.gob.sv)
Passport: 65 visa-free destinations · #74 of 199
Georgian Citizenship by Exception / Special Contribution Citizenship Program
Processing: 3 to 6 months
Passport: 64 visa-free destinations · #76 of 199
Grenada Citizenship by Investment Programme
Processing: 3-4 months
Passport: 83 visa-free destinations · #62 of 199
Jordanian Citizenship by Investment Program
Processing: Not stated on official page
Passport: 16 visa-free destinations · #156 of 199
Honorary Citizenship by Investment (Decree No. 14 of 2022)
Processing: Ministry of Justice reviews within 5 business days of receipt, then evaluates for 30 days before forwarding to government for further review. Applications submitted to Ministry of Foreign Affairs or Lao consulate/embassy abroad.
Passport: 16 visa-free destinations · #148 of 199
Naturalization for Investors (Section 9(3) Mauritius Citizenship Act)
Passport: 81 visa-free destinations · #69 of 199
Nauru Economic and Climate Resilience Citizenship Program (ECRCP)
Processing: Three to four months from date of application submission
Passport: 47 visa-free destinations · #102 of 199
North Macedonia Citizenship by Investment Program
Processing: 5–10 months (officially stated as ~5 months; industry sources estimate 8–10 months)
Passport: 57 visa-free destinations · #79 of 199
St. Kitts and Nevis Citizenship by Investment Programme
Processing: 160-180 days from submission to approval in principle
Passport: 87 visa-free destinations · #55 of 199
Saint Lucia Citizenship by Investment Programme (CIP)
Processing: Approximately 90 days from acceptance of application for processing
Passport: 80 visa-free destinations · #64 of 199
Citizenship Investment Program (Citizenship Investment Act 2015)
Processing: Minimum 3-year timeline: begins with temporary resident permit, progresses to permanent resident permit (with minimum 15 days per year physical presence requirement), then citizenship eligibility after 3 years.
Passport: 67 visa-free destinations · #77 of 199
São Tomé and Príncipe Citizenship by Investment Program
Processing: 1.5–3 months to decision (official CIP site states 'approvals in as little as two months'); post-approval passport issuance approximately 3 months
Passport: 19 visa-free destinations · #160 of 199
Naturalization of Qualifying Foreign National Investors (GO-FOR-GOLD pathway)
Passport: 32 visa-free destinations · #151 of 199
Turkish Citizenship by Investment (Exceptional Naturalisation)
Processing: Not specified on official page; decision rests with the President of the Republic of Turkey
Passport: 64 visa-free destinations · #92 of 199
Vanuatu Citizenship by Investment (Programs: DSP/VCP, CIIP/Form D, REO)
Processing: Not specified on official pages; 3 months allowed to complete oath and pay fees after Commission approval (with possible 2-month extension upon written request).
Passport: 39 visa-free destinations · #107 of 199
The point of a second passport is access. Here is every CBI passport ranked by visa-free destinations, alongside its lowest published USD minimum - the price-to-power view.
| Passport | Visa-free | Global rank | Min. investment (USD) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 🇦🇹Austria | 110 | #10 of 199 | not published |
| 🇦🇷Argentina | 93 | #44 of 199 | not published |
| 🇰🇳Saint Kitts and Nevis | 87 | #55 of 199 | $250,000 |
| 🇦🇬Antigua and Barbuda | 83 | #68 of 199 | $230,000 |
| 🇩🇲Dominica | 83 | #72 of 199 | $200,000 |
| 🇬🇩Grenada | 83 | #62 of 199 | $235,000 |
| 🇲🇺Mauritius | 81 | #69 of 199 | $500,000 |
| 🇱🇨Saint Lucia | 80 | #64 of 199 | $240,000 |
| 🇼🇸Samoa | 67 | #77 of 199 | not published |
| 🇸🇻El Salvador | 65 | #74 of 199 | $1,000,000 |
| 🇬🇪Georgia | 64 | #76 of 199 | not published |
| 🇹🇷Turkey | 64 | #92 of 199 | $400,000 |
| 🇲🇰North Macedonia | 57 | #79 of 199 | not published |
| 🇳🇷Nauru | 47 | #102 of 199 | $90,000 |
| 🇻🇺Vanuatu | 39 | #107 of 199 | $130,000 |
| 🇧🇼Botswana | 35 | #128 of 199 | $75,000 |
| 🇸🇱Sierra Leone | 32 | #151 of 199 | not published |
| 🇸🇹São Tomé and Príncipe | 19 | #160 of 199 | $90,000 |
| 🇯🇴Jordan | 16 | #156 of 199 | not published |
| 🇱🇦Laos | 16 | #148 of 199 | $500,000 |
| 🇰🇭Cambodia | 15 | #135 of 199 | $1,000,000 |
| 🇪🇬Egypt | 15 | #150 of 199 | $250,000 |
Compare these against all 199 passports on the Earth Visa passport rankings.
Citizenship by investment (CBI) is a legal route to a second passport: a country grants full citizenship in exchange for a qualifying investment, typically a non-refundable donation to a national fund, an approved real estate purchase, or a business investment. Earth Visa tracks 22 such programs in 2026, compiled from official government publications.
The lowest USD-denominated published minimums in our data are $75,000 (Botswana), $90,000 (Nauru) and $90,000 (São Tomé and Príncipe). Per our source notes, Botswana's figure is an announced amount that had not been formally enacted at our last data refresh. Fees for due diligence, processing and dependants come on top of the headline minimum.
Our dataset (last refreshed 2026-06-29) tracks 22 countries with an operating or announced citizenship by investment route: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Austria, Botswana, Cambodia, Dominica, Egypt, El Salvador, Georgia, Grenada, Jordan, Laos, Mauritius, Nauru, North Macedonia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Samoa, São Tomé and Príncipe, Sierra Leone, Turkey, Vanuatu.
It varies by program, and many official sources do not publish a timeline. Examples of published processing times in our data - Argentina: 30 business days (from receipt of Agency report by the National Directorate of Migration); Dominica: 3 to 4 months from application submission to approval in principle; Egypt: 3 to 6 months; El Salvador: Approximately 6 weeks (as stated on official world.adoptingelsalvador.gob.sv). Timelines run from application submission and exclude document preparation and due diligence delays.
Among CBI countries in our data, the Austria passport has the highest visa-free count: 110 destinations, ranked #10 of 199 passports. It is followed by Argentina (93 visa-free) and Saint Kitts and Nevis (87 visa-free). Note that Austria's route has no published investment schedule and is granted at government discretion per the official source.
13 of the 22 programs in our data explicitly allow dual citizenship per their official sources; for the remainder the official source does not state a position. Also check the rules of your current country of citizenship - some countries restrict their own citizens from holding a second passport.
Pick any combination of passports on Earth Visa and see the combined visa-free map - before you spend a cent.
Compare passports on Earth Visa →